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🧸 Developmental Milestones

Milestones by age and domain the way Prometric asks them, plus reflexes, drawing, towers, speech, play, red flags, autism screening and the work-up of delay.

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Solving 'developmental age' questionsHighest skill achieved vs first skill missing FREEGrowth, Development & Nutrition

Most Prometric development questions give 3–4 skills and ask the age. Work like this:

  1. Find the most advanced skill achieved – the child is at least that age.
  2. Find the first expected skill that is missing – the child is younger than that age.
  3. The answer lies between them (this is why 2.5 years and 7–8 weeks are frequent answers).
  4. Use the most discriminating clues: drawing (circle 3 y, cross 4 y, triangle 5 y, diamond 6 y), stairs (2 feet/step 2 y, alternating up 3 y, alternating down 4 y), name (first name 2 y, full name/age/sex 3 y), cube tower (≈ 3 × age in years), head lag (gone by 4 months).

Examples from the bank: circle but not full name and not alternating stairs → 2.5 years; follows 180° but still head lag → 7–8 weeks; circle + cross, no square → 48 months.

Always answer with the age the skill is typically achieved (50th percentile), not the upper limit; red-flag (referral) ages are later.
NewbornFlexed, fisted, reflex-driven FREEGrowth, Development & Nutrition
DomainExpected
Gross motorFlexed posture; complete head lag on pull-to-sit; in ventral suspension head drops below the horizontal; turns head to side when prone
Fine motor & visionHands fisted, strong palmar grasp reflex; fixes on a face at 20–30 cm; blinks to light; red reflex present both eyes
Language & hearingCries; startles/blinks to a loud noise (Moro); newborn hearing screen (OAE/AABR) before discharge
Social / adaptiveQuiets when picked up; prefers human faces; all primitive reflexes present (Moro, rooting, sucking, grasp, stepping)

Examination checks that matter: symmetry of Moro and movement, tone, red reflex, hearing screen.

Asymmetric Moro with intact grasp after shoulder dystocia = Erb palsy (C5–C6); claw hand, absent grasp ± Horner = Klumpke (C8–T1).
1 month (4–6 weeks)Follows to midline, no social smile yet FREEGrowth, Development & Nutrition
DomainExpected
Gross motorLifts head momentarily when prone (chin up briefly); marked head lag
Fine motor & visionFixes on face and follows to the midline (90°); hands mostly fisted
Language & hearingAlerts/quiets to voice and sound; throaty sounds
Social / adaptiveRegards faces; no social smile yet at 4 weeks (social smile appears ~6 weeks)

Bank answers: follows to midline only, no smile → 4 weeks; follows 90° and smiles at mother, marked head lag → 6 weeks.

Visual following ladder: midline (90°) 1 month → past midline toward 180° at 2 months → smooth 180° with steady head at 3–4 months.
2 months (6–8 weeks)Social smile, coos, follows past midline Growth, Development & Nutrition
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4 months (16 weeks)No head lag, laughs, reaches Growth, Development & Nutrition
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6 monthsTransfers, sits with support, babbles Growth, Development & Nutrition
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9 monthsSits alone, crawls, stranger anxiety, inferior pincer Growth, Development & Nutrition
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12 monthsWalks, neat pincer, first words Growth, Development & Nutrition
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15 monthsWalks well, 2-cube tower, few words Growth, Development & Nutrition
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18 monthsRuns stiffly, 10–25 words, pretend play Growth, Development & Nutrition
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2 yearsRuns well, 2 feet per step, 2-word phrases, first name Growth, Development & Nutrition
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3 yearsTricycle, circle, full name, alternating stairs Growth, Development & Nutrition
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4 yearsHops, cross, stories, fully intelligible Growth, Development & Nutrition
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5 yearsSkips, triangle, counts 10 Growth, Development & Nutrition
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6 yearsDiamond, bicycle, school readiness Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Primitive reflexesAppearance and disappearance ages Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Gross motor ladderHead control to skipping Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Fine motor & grasp sequenceFist to neat pincer Growth, Development & Nutrition
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HandednessWhen hand dominance is normal Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Drawing & copying shapesCircle 3, cross 4, triangle 5, diamond 6 Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Cube towersTower ≈ 3 × age in years Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Language milestonesCoo to stories Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Speech intelligibility & dysfluency50% at 2, 75% at 3, 100% at 4 Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Social & emotional milestonesSmile to gender constancy Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Play stagesSolitary → parallel → cooperative Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Toilet trainingReadiness 18–24 m, day dry ~3 y Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Developmental red flags by domainWhen to refer Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Developmental regressionLoss of skills = always investigate Neurology
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Autism red flags & M-CHATScreen at 18 and 24 months Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Speech delay – first stepsHearing test before anything else Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Corrected age for pretermsCorrect until 2 years for development and growth Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Surveillance vs screening (AAP)Screen at 9, 18, 30 months Growth, Development & Nutrition
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Global developmental delayDefinition, causes and first investigations Neurology
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Hearing & vision screening ages1-3-6 rule and acuity from 3–4 y Growth, Development & Nutrition
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